Turbine.



B. LJUNGSTRM L E. A. FQRSBBRG.

TURBIN. APPLICATION FILED MAY 10. 19077.

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

l SHEETS-SHEET 1. F1 g1 Wl TNESSES:

yam/ (garza B. LJUNGSTRM & E. A. FORSBERG.

TURBINB. APPLIOATION FILED MAY 10. 1907;

91 13662,` V Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.`

w/TNEssEs; /NvE/vToRf 1 rHs/R/ITITRNE'Y JUNGSTRM an B. A. PORSBBRG.

TURBINB. APrLIoATIoN Hun my 1o. 1907.

Patented Feu-9, 1,909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

BIRGER LJUNGSTRM AND ERIK. AUGUST FCRSBERG, F STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

' ruanrnn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

Application flied nay 1o,v 1907)` serai No. 372,993.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that we, Brnenii `Linnefs'rniiii and ERIK AuoUsT Fonsni'ine, subliects oi' the King` of Sweden, residing` at Fleniinggatain 8, Stockholm, Sweden, haveinvei'ited certain new and useful Improvements in Vane Series 'for Gas-Turbines or other Machines; and We do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description oi the invention, such as' Willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and uso the sanie, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and' to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to th at class of radial or axial turbines whereina plurality of cooperating vane systems are mounted and arranged in 'alternate order so as to be rotatable relatively to eachother; the systems in certain types of apparatus being rotatable in o positie' directions to each other, and in otlier types one of .the'systenis being stationary and the otherl system rotatable. o

As heretofore constructed, turbines of the class mentioned have been of' comparatively large diameter or length, owing vto the size and number of vane series .required to effect and insure the efiioient utilization of the expansive force of the elastic fluid, as for example, the Well-known Parson and Bateau turbines. 4' l In order to lessen the length of the axial, or the diameter of the radial, turbine, it is necessary to reduce the iviidth of the varies, thereby correspondingly shortening the passage Way for the elastic fluid; and inasmuch as the increase of' the passage area for the fluid from one vane series to another is as essential With narrow as with wide varies, on account of theiexpansion of the. elastic motive fluid (as steam) the length of the narrow vanos must beinereased so rapidly out'- wards that in the absence `of suitable pro-vvisions to obviate the saine, side deflections of the fluid will occur withconsequent inefficiency of theapparatus. p l A v The object of our` invention is to provide, in aV turbine having its varies reduced in width, as stated, a novel construction and organization of elements whereby 'the injurious influence of such side deflections of the luid shall be effectually avoided, asv=will.

be hereinafter fully ldescribed andyclaingied.

the respective systems.

from. vaneseries to' vane serieel In the drawings-Figure i is a diagram ol'ti'vo series of' .narrow vanos lor a radial turbine, indicating thc abrupt inl-.reuse -of `their` length. Fig'. is a transverse vertical section through a portion of' a radial tu chine embodying one forni ol' our-invention. 3` is a similar section shoe/'ing' a modification of the saine, Fig. i is an end view, partly in section, of' a radial turbine of substantially the character illustrated in Fig. 3. lig. 5 illustrates detail views a portion ol' a vane series for a radial turbine. Fig' o is a side elevation, partly in section, ol an al turbine embodying our invention. elevation of thesarnc, partly in section.

Referring to the drawings-The diagram, Fig. l, indicates the `vane systems of a radial turbine of, for example, 200() horse poWcr wherein twoA heads or bodies are equipped with two coperating systems of vanos rotating inY opposite directions to each other, at, say, .ZOOOrev'olu't-ions each per niiiute. In this diagram the parallel lines indicate the interspaces between the alternating vanos of It will be observed that in this construction the successive vanos are increased abruptly outward in length (as indicated at the points Where the outwardly curved side lines intersect the parallel lines) in order to afford the requisite arca for the passage of the elastic fluid in its progressive, expansion from one vane serios to the other. Asv above ointed out', 'this construction, While reducing the diameter of the turbine, possesses certain inherent defects, which it ,is he purpose of our invention to overcome.y

concentric bafiling devices or interruptions of Fig. 7 is an end` Those series emf .body relatively spaced rings c, constituting varying Widths which define the increase of A Width in the passage area for the elastic fluid.

ings or passages between the cated ata, such openings or passages increas l, ingV in number from the innermost-to the out/'L1 er'inost vanas; that is to say, each of the in ics The opengs are ind1-Y branch openings again diverge at 4 to constitute the quadruple branch o enings 5. All these openings -or passages, y varying the Width ofthel concentric baffling devices or in4 -terruptions as indicated, are relatively proportioned from vane series to vane series, to aord for the fluid a passage area that is progressively increased proportionately to the expansion of the fluid durinv its course from i' the point of admission to the point of dis-v charge.` The number, size and form of the o enings are, of course, determined by the e aracter'andcapacity of the apparatus.

It. will be seen that by the construction ljust described, the total: length of each vane series is maintained without the serious objection incident to the side deflections of the fluid above mentioned; and that at thesame time, owing to the increased passage area of the outer v: ne series, a sufficiently slow and a vmore ec nomical passage of the fluid through the vane systems is insured.

The vanes may be each constructed of an integral piece with the appropriate openings or passages formed therein, but preferably the interruptions orbaiiles between the openings or passages comprise rines e, soldered, Welded or 'otherwise affixed `to the body of the vanes to constitute bonds which serve eflectually to take up the centrifugal strain on the vanes. In the case where such. rings, in the carrying out of our invention, are of reat length, as forinstance, in radial turines, the rings may be made hollow orv channeled, as indicated at f, inFig. 2, or may be otherwise reduced in weight in order to minimize the vibratory strain upon the vanes. This construction of the vanes permits the use of comparatively long vane systems with correspondingly increased passage areas, and thus insures the maximum eiliciency of the elastic fluid employed.

By virtue ofthe oblique directions of the openings or passages throughout the v'ane s stems, it is sometimes advisable "to vary the angles of the vanes in the successive series in order to insure a uniform expansive action of the fluid in the various passages.

-InFig 3 is shown atmodification of my invention wherein the vane heads or bodies are provided with alternating vane series of equall length, or substantially so, having o enings or passages t leading to an enlarged e amber c, which'opens into several passages Z in a series of vanes of increased length on the respective heads, the concentric baffles or interruptions of the respective vane series being of varyingwid ths to insure the increase of width in the passage area for the elast-io fluid from vane series to vane series, with the advantages hereinbefore explzvtined.

In Fig. 4 the reverse forms of the adjacent f' series.

In Figs. 6 and 7 our invention is illustrated as [applied to an axial turbine, one series of vanes C in the form selected being fixed to the stationary body A, and the other series C', to the rotatable body A. In this construction the vanes with their interrupted passages are arranged in sets, as X, Y and Z, the size, form, number and location of the vane passages therein being relatively proportioned to insure the highest utilization of the expansive force of the elastic fluid.

As illustrated in Fig. 6, the diameters of the respective sets of vanos are progressively increased, and hence, in view ol the varying peripheral speeds thereof, the angles of the respective vanes should be arranged to insure a uniform expansive action of the fluid throughout the various passages.

It is to be noted that our invention may be advantageously employed in compressors, pumps, or analogous apparatus equipped with Vane systems, Whether the motive fluid he directed toward or from their axes Iof rotation.

IVe claim as our invention- 1. A machine having coperating vane systems whereof the respective vane series are provided with relatively s uaced rings ol varying widths which defhle t e increase of width in the passage area for the elastic fluid vfrom vane series to vane series. l

2. A .dmaehine having cooperating' vane systems'ff-whercof the respective vane series are provided with relatively spaced channele( rings of vai-yin(r widths which define the passage area for the elastic fluid.

3. A machine having'coperating vane s; stems whereof the respective vane series are provided with relatively spaced bafllcs or interruptions to afford a[ progressively increased passage area for the fluid.

4. A. machine having cooperating vane systems whereof the respective vane series are provided with relatlvely s ac ed intere ruptlons to afford a progressive y mcreased passage area for the fluid, the total length of said interruptions in each vane series being increased outwardly from vane series to vane series.

In testimony, that we claim the foregoing as our invention, we have signed our names in presence of two subsmibing wit- It is hereby certified that in 'rLetters PatentNofilQ, granted February 9, 1909,

' upon the application of Birger Ljungstrm and Eril; August Forsberg, of Stockholm,

Sweden, for an improvement in Turbines, errors appear requiring correction as follows: Inthe'dra'wings, sheet 1, the reference characters AfAl, B, O, C, c", f, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

, should appear upon Fig. 1 and A, A1, B, 0,01, upon Fig. 2 to indicate the several parts referred to inthe specification; and. that the drawings should be read as herein set forth that the saine may conform to the reeordof the case in the Patent Ofce.

Signed and sealed this 27th day of July, A. D., 1909.

[SEA-LJ C.- e. BILLINGS,

Acting :Commissioner o Patents. 

